Understanding Slipped Disc: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

These risk factors include:

• Ageing as it is associated with degeneration and loss of elasticity of the discs and supporting structures.
• Injury from improper lifting, especially if accompanied by twisting or turning.
• Excessive strain associated with physical activities.
• Sudden forceful acute trauma.

Causes of Slip Disc:

Slipped disc can result from various factors, including:

1. Age-related Degeneration: 

The natural ageing process can lead to wear and tear of the spinal discs, causing them to lose hydration, elasticity, and structural integrity over time. This age-related degeneration increases the risk of disc herniation.

 2. Trauma or Injury:

 Sudden trauma or repetitive stress on the spine, such as heavy lifting, twisting motions, or sports-related injuries, can cause the outer layer of a spinal disc to tear or rupture, leading to disc herniation.

 3. Poor Posture: 

Maintaining poor posture, such as prolonged sitting, slouching, or improper lifting techniques, can place excessive strain on the spinal discs and increase the risk of disc herniation. 

4. Genetic Factors:

 Genetic predisposition may play a role in the development of slipped disc, as certain individuals may inherit traits that make them more susceptible to disc degeneration and herniation.

Symptoms of Slipped Disc:

The symptoms of slipped disc vary depending on the location and severity of the herniation but may include:

1. Back/Neck Pain: 

Persistent or sharp pain in the lower back or neck, often worsened by movement or prolonged sitting.

2. Radiating Pain:

 Pain that radiates down the leg (sciatica) or arm, following the path of the affected nerve root. This pain may be accompanied by numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limb.

3. Muscle Weakness: 

Weakness or loss of muscle function in the legs or arms, making it difficult to perform certain activities or maintain balance.

4. Nerve Compression: 

Compression of spinal nerves may lead to symptoms such as difficulty in walking, changes in bowel or bladder function, and loss of sensation in the groin. These might require medical attention. 

Treatment Options for Slip Disc:

While slipped discs can cause significant discomfort, many individuals find relief with conservative treatment measures. Common treatment options include:

1. Rest and Activity Modification: 

Resting the affected area and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms, such as heavy lifting or prolonged sitting, can help alleviate pain and prevent further aggravation of the herniated disc.

2. Pain Management:

 Over-the-counter or prescription medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, or pain relievers, may be used to alleviate pain and inflammation associated with slipped discs.

3. Physical Therapy:

 Physical therapy exercises and techniques, including stretching, strengthening, and core stabilisation exercises, can help improve spinal alignment, alleviate pressure on the affected disc, and strengthen supporting muscles to prevent future injury.

4. Heat and Cold Therapy: 

Applying heat or cold packs to the affected area can help reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and promote relaxation of tense muscles. Alternating between heat and cold therapy may provide additional relief.

5. Epidural Steroid Injections: 

In cases of severe pain or inflammation, epidural steroid injections may be recommended to deliver anti-inflammatory medication directly into the affected area of the spine, providing targeted relief.

6. Chiropractic Care: 

Chiropractic adjustments and spinal manipulation techniques may help realign the spine, reduce pressure on the affected disc, and alleviate symptoms associated with slipped disc.

7. Acupuncture: 

Acupuncture, an ancient Chinese healing practice involving the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body, may help relieve pain and improve symptoms, associated with slipped discs, by stimulating nerve function and promoting natural healing.

8. Surgery:

In rare cases where conservative treatments fail to provide relief or symptoms worsen over time, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgical options include discectomy (removal of the herniated disc) or spinal fusion (joining adjacent vertebrae to stabilise the spine). 

Prevention and Management Strategies:

While slipped disc cannot always be prevented, adopting healthy lifestyle habits and practising proper body mechanics can help reduce the risk of disc herniation.

1. Maintain a Healthy Weight:

Excess weight places added strain on the spine and increases the risk of disc degeneration and herniation. Maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet rich in nutrients.

2. Practise Good Posture: 

Maintain proper posture when sitting, standing, and lifting heavy objects to reduce stress on the spine and supporting structures.

3. Exercise Regularly: 

Engage in regular physical activity to strengthen the muscles of the back, abdomen, and legs, which provide support and stability for the spine.

4. Use Proper Lifting Techniques: 

When lifting objects, bend the knees, keep the back straight, and use the legs to lift the load. Avoid twisting the spine while lifting to prevent injury.

5. Stay Hydrated: 

Drink plenty of water to maintain hydration and promote the elasticity and shock-absorbing properties of spinal discs. 

6. Quit Smoking: 

Smoking can impair blood flow to the spinal discs, leading to decreased nutrient delivery and increased risk of disc degeneration. Quitting smoking can improve spinal health and reduce the risk of slipped discs.